PREHISTORY:
Prehistorical times are in reference to the ages before writing was developed. With a lack of documentation , archeologist and anthropologist had to develop alternative methods of investigation to learn more about the earliest people. THEre are two primary methods of dating these items of antiquity: Radio carbon Dating and thermoluminescence.
RADIO CARBON DATING AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE:
CARBON DATING: Radio carbon, an isotope of carbon, can accurately classify the age of an object for artifacts up to 50,000 years old. all objects progressively accumulate radio active carbon, or c-14, as the age, and as they deteriorate, the carbon encapsulated in the body gradually expires. So, in carbon dating, scientist measure the quantities of c-14 left in the body.
thermoluminescence: In this method of dating, one of the most difficult branches of historical studies, measures the light emitted by electrons trapped in the soil surrounding the designated artifact.
thermoluminescence: In this method of dating, one of the most difficult branches of historical studies, measures the light emitted by electrons trapped in the soil surrounding the designated artifact.
archaeology vs. anthropology:
ARCHaEOLOgyARCHEOLOGIST study past societies through the analysis of what people left behind by scrutinizing various artifacts like weapons, tools, art and architecture from the prehistoric civilizations.
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ANTROPOLOGY:anthropologist study human life and culture through the investigation of what they wear, how society is organized, and what their value system is.
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CHAPTER ONE SECTION BREAKDOWN: (general summary)
pRehistory:THESE METHODS OF DATING HAVE REVEALED That their were THREE MAIN HUMAN SPECIES that existed during these undocumented times. OF this assortment of species are HOMINIDS,human creatures that walked upright, homo sapiens, wise humans with rapid brain grown thaT ingeniously mastered fire, and homo sapiens sapiens, wise, wise humans. One of the key components of Prehistoric times is the out of Africa theory. In this gradual movement referenced in "chapter period" page, the homo sapiens sapiens replaced the Neanderthal population in their progressive expansive over the world.
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paleolithic age:The paleolithic period is distinctly characterized by the invention of stone stools, as the title "Old Stone Age" explicitly discloses. By meticulously crafting their surplus of flint stone, they could construct hand axes, harpoons, and spears. In the paleolithic Age, families traveled in units of 20 to 30 people, and lives revolved around hunting and gathering. BY moving in accordance with the migrational patterns of available prey the and vegetation cycles of palatable plants, they were able to sustain nomadic lifestyles. There was an underlying sense of equality between the men and the women, because of their equally as strenuous roles in gathering the food, the chief concern of this time.
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neolithic age:The neolithic age was an age of prosperity and and diversity, as the development of systematic agriculture and the domestication of animals facilitated the stabilization of these people. This advanced combination they used to obtain food ultimately permitted the construction of intricate communities. This allowed allowed societies to focus on the innovative idea of the specialization of labor. SO, Because not all villagers were necessary for adequate food production, some people could become artisans, or skilled workers. Religion is also conjectured to have been an influential asset to Neolithic life, as indicated by the shrines in CatalyUhuk, an affluent neolithic farming village with 6,000 inhabitants. Between 4,000 AND 3,000 THE PIVOTAL DISCOVERY OF METAL'S PROPERTY OF MELTING INTO LIQUID UNDER DRASTICALLY HARSH TEMPERATURES SIGNIFIED A MORE AUTHORITATIVE LEVEL OF CONTROL OVER THE ENVIRONMENT.As part of the neolithic revolution, the 6 rudimentary characteristic of civilization emerged: art, religion, social structure, city, government and writing
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early Mesopotamia: Mesopotamia, composed the Sumerian city states in the general vicinities of Assyria, Sumer, and Akkad,was an area of unparalleled emphasis on farming. With the Tigris and Euphrates depositing soil enriching materials over their lush river valley plantations, fertile soil was never a concern. However, with the sporadic flooding, in to regulate the excess water,the people had to create irrigation systems and drainage ditches. BY 3,000 B.C.the Sumerians had established several independent cities, like Uruk, Eridu, and Ur, that evolved into city states. City states formed that basic unit of Sumerian civilization, and they gained political control over the surrounding country side. Religion is a distinguishing characteristic of this area as they felt that their Polytheistic Gods and Goddesses permeated all aspects of the universe. To pronounce their inherent feelings of inferiority to this multitude of Gods, the Mesopotamians constructed ziggurats, or massive stepped towers, as a manifestation of their devotion of the Gods.Also, proving their advanced proclivities, the Sumerians Created Cuneiform, a form of writing founded in wedged shaped impressions, for documentation and for the communication of culture-based literature, like the infamous "epic of Gilgamesh."
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-https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140831194845-6219241-parables-of-leadership-the-sound-of-the-forest
-https://www.pinterest.com/antista1417/ancient-mesopotamia-ancient-egypt/
-http://www.debate.org/opinions/genetically-modified-crops-boon-yes-or-bane-no
-http://survivallife.com/arizona-hunting-laws-and-regulations/
-http://www.slideshare.net/ChristianVillanueva/prehistoric-art-and-mesopotamian-art