CHAPTER THREE SECTION ONE
Akkadian EMPIREThe Akkadian Empire, established by the highly renowned "Sargon" is referred to as the first empire in the world's history. AN empire can by ambiguously defined as a large political unit or state, usually subject to one governing authority, that controls many peoples or territories. After conquering the general vicinity of the northern Sumerian City-states, Sargon repurposed the former Sumerian rulers as governors in the new empire. This perspicacious decision was vital to the maintenance of loyalty in the new empire. Because the civilians were still subject to the same set of rulers, they felt intrinsic connection towards the new nation, rather than one of relentless resent towards the authorities who intruded upon their strictly designated territory. Sargon's empire included all of Mesopotamia and the lands westward, extending all the way to the Mediterranean sea. His power was derived from his powerful and successfully army of 5,400 men and Sargon and his military power was venerated as having "no rival or equal." However, hostile attacks from Neighbors caused the Akkadians demise by the date of 2510 B.c.
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BABYLONIAN EMPIREThe Babylonian Empire arose after a long period of warfare amongst the Mesopotamian city states. Hammurabi came to power in 1792, gaining control of Sumer and Akkad, forming a new Mesopotamian city with its capitol at Babylon. Excessively prideful of his military feats, he called himself "the sun of babylon" as he caused the four quarters of the earth to render in obedience. This civilization also instilled the first code of moral decency, and it revolved around the fundamental principle of retaliation. However, this form of legal government still implemented the social prejudices in the society. For example, the punishment for a crime inflicted against an aristocrat would be much more severe than one perpetrated against a commoner. Also, since this mesopotamian society was patriarchal, the women in this had far fewer rights than the dominant men.
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CHAPTER THREE SECTION TWO
EGYPT: NEW KINGDOMThe Middle Kingdom has a multitude of success that can be attributed to their professional army development and relatively new military-based focus. Under the sovereign leadership of Ahmose 1, the Egyptians expelled the Hyskos from Egypt. However, contrary to the typical understanding of an invasive empire, they Hyskos, after overwhelming the underprepared and disadvantaged Egyptians and their pitiful donkey carts, the Hyskos taught their inferiors how to craft broke and efficiently use horse-drawn war chariots. In an ostentatious expressive of their success, the Egyptians constructed magnificent new buildings and temples along the nile river. One particularly notable Egyptian Pharaohs is the infamous Hatshepsut, the first region of the revered King Tut. Introducing female capability, the assumed the throne herself and sent intricate trading expeditions along the Nile. However,for so long being preoccupied in religious affairs, the Egyptian Empire’s vulnerability increased exponentially and, under Ramses II, the Egyptian people collapsed to the notorious “sea peoples.”
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KUSHThe collapse of Egyptian reign signified the sudden liberation of the Kush people, who had been subject to Egyptian contol for several centuries. After the incident of their independence transpire, invigorated by the newfound freedom, the Kushites conquered egypt. However, overwhelmed by the Assyrians, containing superior weaponry and technologies, the Kushites were forced back to their original lands. Their economy evolved from being strictly farmed based to one of major trade influence in the region with the center city at Meroë. Kush’s major exports are a diverse conglomerate of goods. For example, they exported ivory, gold, ebony and slaves. They imported luxury goods, jewelry, and silver lams from India and Arabia. Also, their lifestyles or opulence and luxury verifies the suspicious that prosperity was relatively widespread throughout the civilization. However, Kush declined steadily until approximately A.D. 150 potentially as a result of the new powers in the region known as Axum.
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CHAPTER THREE: SECTION THREE
ASSYRIAN EMPIREAssyrians: They assyrians were a brutal coalition of warrior people who exposed the used of iron weapons to establish an empire. They were a semitic speaking people, and its territory included Mesopotamia, parts of the Plateau of Iran, sections of Asia Minor, Syria, Israel, and Egypt down to Thebes. The Assyrian Empire was ruled by kings with absolute power. They imposed their stringent regulations upon the obedient people and developed a well organized civilization. Also, the Assyrians developed an effective network of staging post as a relay of formal communication to administer their empire more efficiently. The governor any where in the Empire could send a question and receive an answer within a week. They were talented and strategic conquerors, and they discipline is visible though their intricate and well executed strategies. They used siege warfare, guerrilla warfare, and open grounded warfare as their main military activities. However, as their tactics were deleteriously gruesome, their were not relational with other civilizations, and they committed atrocities to their captives. Consequently, their empire came to and abrupt end after being captured by the Chaldean King Nebuchadnezzar. Also, Ashurbanipal, one of the Assyrians Kings, established the worlds first libraries at Ninevah, providing an ab nuance of information concerning ancient southwest asian civilizations.
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PERSIAN EMPIREThe Persians were Indo-Europeans who lived in current day southwestern Iran. They were primarily comprised of nomadic peoples, until they were successfully unified by the Achaemenid family. Cyrus, a descendant of this family, was power leader who was venerated for his unprecedented show of compassion. With a leader of such unsurpassed mercy, discipline and order, the Persian Empire flourished. Cyrus’s reputation of tolerance easily gained the reverence of many surrounding territories, and Cyrus’s lenient treatment and remarkable restraint can be seen when he allowed the Jews held as captives by the Babylonian empire to return to Israel. During Darius reign, the successor of Cyrus’s son, Cambyses, the Persian government was strengthened. He introduced satrapies, or twenty organizational provides, with appointed Satraps, or governors charged will protecting their section of the kingdom, collecting taxes, providing justice, and recruiting soldiers. The Persian empire installed an efficient transportation and communication system that helped sustain the society through the Royal Road that stretched from Lydia in Asia Minor to Susa, the capital city. After King Darius, the administrators became relatively isolated in their pompous lifestyles. To accommodate their disposition to decadence, they increase taxes. The people expressed their indignant prospectives on the topic by their sudden disloyalty. Also, the kings developed polygamous lifestyles, producing sons with nominal positions due to the sheer number of them. Naturally, they resented each other, and there are several accounts of murder as a result of court intrigue. The primary religion of this region of Zoroastrianism. Alexander the great easily conquered this vulnerable empire during the 330s B.C.
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CITES:
-http://www.mesopotamiangods.com/technologies-1st-in-sumer/
-https://www.shutterstock.com/search/Ashurbanipal
-http://allsudaneverything.tumblr.com/post/60950521057/beautiful-hieroglyphic-carvings-in-north-khartoum
-http://ncartmuseum.org/calendar/event/2016/09/23/egypt_and_the_purposes_of_art2/1830
-http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
-http://i-cias.com/e.o/naram-sin.htm
-http://www.mesopotamiangods.com/technologies-1st-in-sumer/
-https://www.shutterstock.com/search/Ashurbanipal
-http://allsudaneverything.tumblr.com/post/60950521057/beautiful-hieroglyphic-carvings-in-north-khartoum
-http://ncartmuseum.org/calendar/event/2016/09/23/egypt_and_the_purposes_of_art2/1830
-http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
-http://i-cias.com/e.o/naram-sin.htm